Foundations of Physical Security
Learn the fundamental principles of physical security, from access control to surveillance techniques.
Foundations of Physical Security
Welcome to the Foundations of Physical Security course. This module covers the essential concepts that every security professional must know.
1. Principles of Access Control
Access control is the selective restriction of access to a place or other resource. The act of accessing may mean consuming, entering, or using. Permission to access a resource is called authorization.
There are three main types:
- Mandatory Access Control (MAC): The most restrictive model, often used in military or government facilities.
- Discretionary Access Control (DAC): The owner of the resource specifies who is allowed access.
- Role-Based Access Control (RBAC): Access is assigned based on a user's role within an organization.
2. Surveillance and Monitoring
Surveillance is the monitoring of behavior, activities, or information for the purpose of influencing, managing, or directing. This can include observation from a distance by means of electronic equipment, such as closed-circuit television (CCTV), or interception of electronically transmitted information.
3. The "Onion Model" of Security
Physical security often employs a layered defense strategy, sometimes called the "onion model." Each layer of security is designed to slow down an intruder, giving security personnel more time to detect and respond. Layers can include:
- Perimeter fencing
- Security lighting
- Locks and alarms
- CCTV cameras
- Security guards